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Wm. Asia in the new millennium. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. A porous Chinese border and rampant local demand facilitated the trade and by the 1820s China was importing 900 long tons (910t) of Bengali opium annually.[18]. The treaties with the British soon led to similar arrangements with the United States and France. The 1842 Treaty of Nanking not only opened the way for further opium trade, but ceded the territory of Hong Kong, unilaterally fixed Chinese tariffs at a low rate, gave Britain most favored nation status and permitted them diplomatic representation. 57-58 ^ Ann Heylen (2004). Opium is a poison, undermining our good customs and morality. ^ Kathleen L. Its price equals that of gold.”[10] . Domestication and suppression in the last decades of the Qing dynasty[edit].

 

Chronique du Toumet-Ortos: Looking through the Lens of Joseph Van Oost, Missionary in Inner Mongolia (19151921). A provincial governor observed that opium, once regarded as a poison, was now treated in the same way as tea or rice. ^ Association for Asian Studies. ^ Greenberg 1969, p.29. Slack (2001). References[edit]. Officials at the court who advocated legalizing and taxing the trade were defeated by those who advocated suppressing it. In the 17th century the practice of mixing opium with tobacco for smoking spread from Southeast Asia, creating a far greater demand.[1]. First Opium War[edit]. ^ a b Layton 1997, p.28. 11. Layton, Thomas N. University Press of Kentucky. Its use is prohibited by law. ISBN0393033554. By the 1930s the Nationalist Government, provincial governments, the revolutionary bases of the Communist Party of China, and the British colonial government of Hong Kong all depended on opium taxes as major sources of revenue, as did the Japanese occupation governments during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). d680c458d3

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